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Deux partis seulement répondent à ces quatre questions posées uniquement en anglais par le Mouvement fédéraliste mondial – Canada.

Réponses du Bloc québécois, en français

1) How should Canada support United Nations peacekeeping?

Nous voulons augmenter la participation du Canada aux missions de paix. L’échec de
l’intervention de l’OTAN en Afghanistan nous démontre à quel point nos militaires ont payé un lourd prix, en plus de monopoliser notre attention et capacité d’intervention entre 2001 et 2014, pour peu de résultats. Il faut favoriser les missions de paix de l’ONU, sans pour autant revenir aux interventions des années 1990 où nos militaires voyaient les pires atrocités sans avoir le droit d’intervenir. Il faut que nos militaires aient toujours des règles d’engagement leur permettant d’utiliser la force appropriée pour sauver la vie de civils innocents.

Le Canada peut augmenter sa participation dans ses champs d’expertise. En tant que pays industrialisé, le Canada a des capacités techniques que plusieurs autres n’ont pas, notamment en matière de capacités aériennes et navales. Il peut contribuer davantage pour acheminer des vivres ou aider à l’effort logistique.

Nous croyons que l’objectif du nombre de personnel n’est pas aussi important que de fournir les bonnes ressources là où il y a un manque. Un nombre élevé de personnel est également difficile à soutenir à long terme étant donné la pression que ceci met sur nos troupes. Nous croyons donc qu’un nombre de personnel oscillant entre 250 et 1000 peut être réaliste. Nous appuierions n’importe quelle mission de l’ONU si elle permet de venir en aide à des populations dans le besoin.

2) Global Climate Change: What should be Canada’s International Commitments?

Nous prônons la carboneutralité en 2050. Le Bloc Québécois a proposé dans le cadre de l’étude sur le projet de loi C-12 du gouvernement que le Canada soit au moins aussi ambitieux que le Québec en adoptant la cible de 37,5% sous les niveaux de 1990 à l’horizon de 2030. Cela représente, avec l’année de référence 2005, une réduction d’environ 51,48%.

3) Nuclear disarmament: Which measures intended to promote the realization of a world without nuclear weapons should Canada support?

Le Bloc Québécois a appuyé le Traité sur l’interdiction des armes nucléaires, mais nous réalisons qu’il s’agit d’un idéal et qu’un appui du Canada serait – au mieux – symbolique étant donné que le Canada ne possède pas d’armes nucléaires. De manière plus réaliste, il faut viser la non-prolifération des armes nucléaires et la réduction du nombre d’ogives. La course à l’armement nucléaire – amorcée notamment par Donald Trump – est préoccupante. La menace nucléaire est de plus en plus omniprésente – alors que de nombreux groupes terroristes tentent d’acquérir ces armes. De nombreux pays protègent et entreposent mal leur stock ou leurs déchets nucléaires, augmentant le risque d’une attaque terroriste à l’arme nucléaire ou à la bombe radiologique. Le Canada doit exhorter les autres pays à collaborer pour diminuer leurs stocks et prôner une meilleure gestion des déchets nucléaires.

4) What can Canada do to strengthen the United Nations?

Il faut accroître l’aide humanitaire à 0,7% du Produit national brut – alors qu’il est présentement à moins de 0,3%. Il faut que le Canada soutienne les différents organismes de l’ONU comme l’Organisation mondiale de la Santé et le Programme alimentaire mondial.

Il faut aussi réformer l’ONU pour qu’elle ait l’obligation d’intervenir pour faire cesser les
génocides et autres violations graves des droits de la personne. Le Canada doit proposer une réforme en profondeur du Conseil de sécurité de l’ONU. Sans aucun doute les 5 membres permanents risquent de s’y opposer, mais les nombreux blocages partisans par les membres permanents accentuent les souffrances de nombreuses populations civiles.

Réponses libérales, aucune version française disponible

1) How should Canada support United Nations peacekeeping?

For decades, peacekeeping has helped prevent violence, preserve peace, and provide protection to millions of vulnerable people affected by conflict. In the last 30 years, peacekeeping mandates have become more complex and demanding, and the peacekeeping community has been adapting and incorporating lessons-learned to ensure missions are fit for purpose. It is imperative that we continue to adapt and innovate in order to respond to new challenges that arise. This includes identifying root causes
of conflict and the grievances that fuel them.

The Liberal government promised Canadians that we would return to our tradition of peacekeeping, and this is what we have done. In July 2018, Canada joined 56 other UN Member States as a contributor to the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) to provide medical evacuation by air of injured personnel, supply transport and logistics support, for a one year period. Following this
successful deployment, Canada committed a C-130 Hercules aircraft to provide tactical airlift support for the UN’s Regional Support Centre in Entebbe, providing vital airlift support to multiple UN missions.

The participation of women in all aspects of peacekeeping is essential to mission success. That is why the Liberal government launched the Elsie Initiative for Women in Peace Operations, to increase the meaningful participation of women in UN peace operations. This is an innovative and multilateral pilot initiative to design, implement and evaluate a combination of measures to overcome barriers to women’s deployment to UN peace operations, and to support their effectiveness once on missions. Further, through the Vancouver Principles, Canada and more than a hundred other UN Member States are
working to prevent the recruitment and use of child soldiers.

Further, the Liberal government delivered on its commitment to peacekeeping through the deployment of Canadian police officers to UN peace operations and stabilization efforts around the world. Canadian officers help strengthen policing institutions, rule of law, and consolidate peace, to create a safer environment and help pave the way for longer-term development.

Now, more than ever, Canadians understand that building a safer and more stable world requires investments in our strength at home and active engagement with our partners abroad. A re-elected Liberal government will continue to support international efforts to build a safer, more inclusive, and prosperous world. We will expand Canada’s long and short-range strategic airlift capability in order to increase Canada’s contributions to UN, NATO, coalition and allied military operations abroad and improve support for international peacekeeping, emergency response, humanitarian assistance and disaster
recovery, including with respect to health and climate emergencies.

2) Global Climate Change: What should be Canada’s International Commitments?

Climate change is real and Canadians want real action to fight it.

Under the previous Conservative government, Canada’s emissions were on a path to be 12% higher in 2030 than they were in 2005, despite Stephen Harper’s promise to lower emissions by 30% by 2030. We knew this wasn’t acceptable and in response developed a new comprehensive plan. Today, Canada’s emissions are projected to be 36% lower in 2030 compared to 2005 levels. But we know there is more to do.

The Liberal Party of Canada is committed to achieving Canada’s new climate targets. That includes a 40-45% reduction in emissions by 2030, compared to 2005 levels, and the additional actions in our platform will help get us there. Our longer-term target is achieving net-zero emissions by 2050. Other parties promising higher emissions targets have not, based on independent analysis, put forward credible plans to achieve those targets. The Conservatives would weaken Canada’s existing climate target, and rollback climate action advanced by the Liberals.

The Liberal government has:

  • A real plan to fight climate change that, for the first time in Canada’s history, meant a government was on track to exceed a climate target;
  • Put a globally-ambitious price on pollution, that rises to $170 per tonne by 2030, while putting more money in the pockets of Canadians;
  • Enshrined Canada’s net-zero goal into law, including through setting five-year emissions reduction targets to hold the government accountable and regular public progress reports beginning in 2023.

 

A re-elected Liberal government will:

  • Continue to deliver all elements of Canada’s climate plan;
  • Work with all Canadians and the Net Zero Advisory Body to identify ways to further accelerate climate action that will put us on trajectory to achieve net-zero emissions as soon as possible and no later than 2050.

 

3) Nuclear disarmament: Which measures intended to promote the realization of a world without nuclear weapons should Canada support?

A re-elected Liberal government will remain committed to achieving a world free of nuclear weapons, pursuing a pragmatic approach that takes into account the security considerations of all states.

When it comes to nuclear disarmament, the Liberal government has worked as a bridge-builder among states to reinforce the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, the cornerstone of global nuclear non-proliferation and disarmament. This approach has sought to halt the spread of nuclear weapons, reduce existing stockpiles, and, ultimately, eliminate these weapons in a manner that is verifiable and irreversible. While this approach will take time, it is better able to build the trust and confidence required to make concrete progress toward a world free of nuclear weapons.

Through this approach, Canada has been a leader in contributing to the development of the global architecture for non-proliferation and disarmament, focusing efforts on initiatives that unite nuclear and non-nuclear armed states such as commencing negotiations on a Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty, pushing for the entry-into-force of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty, supporting initiatives to build global capacity for nuclear disarmament verification, and advancing a more inclusive approach to disarmament and non-proliferation, including the full and equal participation of women and engagement of youth.

In addition, Canada welcomed the recent extension of the New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (New START) between the United States and Russia and continues to advocate strongly for the expansion of arms control. Canada is also an active member of coalitions of non-nuclear weapon states, like the Non-Proliferation and Disarmament Initiative and the Stockholm Initiative for Nuclear Disarmament. Canada has long been, and remains, an important player in global nuclear disarmament and remains deeply committed to achieving the ultimate goal of a world free of nuclear weapons. A re-elected Liberal
government will continue to make concrete efforts toward nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation.

4) What can Canada do to strengthen the United Nations?

Multilateralism is a cornerstone to Canada’s foreign policy, and building a more just, inclusive, sustainable and peaceful world can only be achieved by working together in partnership with other nations. With this in mind, we are proud of Canada’s contributions to the foundation of the United Nations and its many achievements.

A re-elected Liberal government will continue to champion Canadian priorities and principles at the United Nations; promoting human rights, peace and security, upholding rule of law, addressing climate change, equality and inclusion, and advancing sustainable development.

Under the Liberal government, Canada focused its efforts on bringing innovative approaches to UN peacebuilding, creating the Vancouver Principles and launching the Elsie Initiative for women in peace operations, the Vancouver Principles to prevent the recruitment and use of child soldiers, and through Canada’s Chairing of the UN Peacebuilding Commission in 2020. Canada has also engaged on R2P, as national coordinator for the Global Network of R2P focal points.

Now, more than ever, Canadians understand that building a safer and more stable world requires investments in our strength at home and active engagement with our partners abroad. A re-elected Liberal government will continue to work with UN partners to build a more peaceful and inclusive world.